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| Strategies for playing blackjack |
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Basic Strategy
Insurance
Surrender
House Edge
Rule variations
Bad Strategies
Card Counting
Methodology
Appendices
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Black Jack Appendix 1
The following tables display
expected returns for any play in blackjack based on the following rules: dealer
stands on a soft 17, an infinite deck, the player may double after a split,
split up to three times except for aces, and draw only one card to split aces.
Based on these rules the house edge is -0.511734%.
To use this table look up the returns for any given play, the one with the
greatest return is the best play. For example suppose you have two 8's and the
dealer has a 10. The return by standing is -0.5404, by hitting is -0.5398,
doubling is -1.0797, and by splitting is -0.4807. So splitting 8's you stand to
lose the least, 48.07 cents per original dollar bet, and is thus the best play.
| Player's Expected Return by Standing |
Player's Hand |
Dealer's Up Card |
| 2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
Ace |
| 0-16 |
-0.2928 |
-0.2523 |
-0.2111 |
-0.1672 |
-0.1537 |
-0.4754 |
-0.5105 |
-0.5431 |
-0.5404 |
-0.667 |
| 17 |
-0.153 |
-0.1172 |
-0.0806 |
-0.0449 |
0.0117 |
-0.1068 |
-0.382 |
-0.4232 |
-0.4197 |
-0.478 |
| 18 |
0.1217 |
0.1483 |
0.1759 |
0.1996 |
0.2834 |
0.3996 |
0.106 |
-0.1832 |
-0.1783 |
-0.1002 |
| 19 |
0.3863 |
0.4044 |
0.4232 |
0.4395 |
0.496 |
0.616 |
0.5939 |
0.2876 |
0.0631 |
0.2776 |
| 20 |
0.64 |
0.6503 |
0.661 |
0.6704 |
0.704 |
0.7732 |
0.7918 |
0.7584 |
0.5545 |
0.6555 |
| 21 |
0.882 |
0.8853 |
0.8888 |
0.8918 |
0.9028 |
0.9259 |
0.9306 |
0.9392 |
0.9626 |
0.9222 |
| Player's Expected Return by Hitting |
Player's Hand |
Dealer's Up Card |
| 2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
Ace |
| 4 |
-0.1149 |
-0.0826 |
-0.0494 |
-0.0124 |
0.0111 |
-0.0883 |
-0.1593 |
-0.2407 |
-0.2892 |
-0.2531 |
| 5 |
-0.1282 |
-0.0953 |
-0.0615 |
-0.024 |
-0.0012 |
-0.1194 |
-0.1881 |
-0.2666 |
-0.3134 |
-0.2786 |
| 6 |
-0.1408 |
-0.1073 |
-0.0729 |
-0.0349 |
-0.013 |
-0.1519 |
-0.2172 |
-0.2926 |
-0.3377 |
-0.3041 |
| 7 |
-0.1092 |
-0.0766 |
-0.043 |
-0.0073 |
0.0292 |
-0.0688 |
-0.2106 |
-0.2854 |
-0.3191 |
-0.3101 |
| 8 |
-0.0218 |
0.008 |
0.0388 |
0.0708 |
0.115 |
0.0822 |
-0.0599 |
-0.2102 |
-0.2494 |
-0.197 |
| 9 |
0.0744 |
0.1013 |
0.129 |
0.158 |
0.196 |
0.1719 |
0.0984 |
-0.0522 |
-0.153 |
-0.0657 |
| 10 |
0.1825 |
0.2061 |
0.2305 |
0.2563 |
0.2878 |
0.2569 |
0.198 |
0.1165 |
0.0253 |
0.0814 |
| 11 |
0.2384 |
0.2603 |
0.283 |
0.3073 |
0.3337 |
0.2921 |
0.23 |
0.1583 |
0.1195 |
0.143 |
| 12 |
-0.2534 |
-0.2337 |
-0.2135 |
-0.1933 |
-0.1705 |
-0.2128 |
-0.2716 |
-0.34 |
-0.381 |
-0.3505 |
| 13 |
-0.3078 |
-0.2912 |
-0.2742 |
-0.2573 |
-0.2356 |
-0.2691 |
-0.3236 |
-0.3872 |
-0.4253 |
-0.3969 |
| 14 |
-0.3622 |
-0.3487 |
-0.3349 |
-0.3214 |
-0.3007 |
-0.3213 |
-0.3719 |
-0.4309 |
-0.4663 |
-0.44 |
| 15 |
-0.4166 |
-0.4062 |
-0.3956 |
-0.3855 |
-0.3658 |
-0.3698 |
-0.4168 |
-0.4716 |
-0.5044 |
-0.48 |
| 16 |
-0.471 |
-0.4638 |
-0.4563 |
-0.4495 |
-0.4309 |
-0.4148 |
-0.4584 |
-0.5093 |
-0.5398 |
-0.5171 |
| 17 |
-0.5362 |
-0.5317 |
-0.527 |
-0.523 |
-0.5088 |
-0.4835 |
-0.506 |
-0.5537 |
-0.5845 |
-0.5573 |
| 18 |
-0.6224 |
-0.62 |
-0.6175 |
-0.6153 |
-0.6075 |
-0.5911 |
-0.5911 |
-0.6165 |
-0.6477 |
-0.6265 |
| 19 |
-0.7291 |
-0.728 |
-0.7269 |
-0.726 |
-0.7226 |
-0.7154 |
-0.7137 |
-0.7156 |
-0.7294 |
-0.7248 |
| 20 |
-0.8552 |
-0.855 |
-0.8547 |
-0.8545 |
-0.8536 |
-0.8519 |
-0.8515 |
-0.8508 |
-0.849 |
-0.8521 |
| 21 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
| A,A |
0.0818 |
0.1035 |
0.1266 |
0.1565 |
0.186 |
0.1655 |
0.0951 |
0.0001 |
-0.07 |
-0.0205 |
| A,2 |
0.0466 |
0.0741 |
0.1025 |
0.1334 |
0.1617 |
0.1224 |
0.0541 |
-0.0377 |
-0.1049 |
-0.0573 |
| A,3 |
0.0224 |
0.0508 |
0.0801 |
0.1119 |
0.1392 |
0.0795 |
0.0133 |
-0.0752 |
-0.1395 |
-0.0939 |
| A,4 |
-0.0001 |
0.0292 |
0.0593 |
0.092 |
0.1182 |
0.037 |
-0.0271 |
-0.1122 |
-0.1737 |
-0.13 |
| A,5 |
-0.021 |
0.0091 |
0.04 |
0.0734 |
0.0988 |
-0.0049 |
-0.0668 |
-0.1486 |
-0.2074 |
-0.1656 |
| A,6 |
-0.0005 |
0.029 |
0.0593 |
0.0912 |
0.1281 |
0.0538 |
-0.0729 |
-0.1498 |
-0.1969 |
-0.1796 |
| A,7 |
0.0629 |
0.0902 |
0.1185 |
0.1476 |
0.1908 |
0.1707 |
0.0397 |
-0.1007 |
-0.1438 |
-0.0929 |
| A,8 |
0.124 |
0.1493 |
0.1756 |
0.203 |
0.2398 |
0.2206 |
0.1523 |
0.0079 |
-0.0881 |
-0.0057 |
| A,9 |
0.1825 |
0.2061 |
0.2305 |
0.2563 |
0.2878 |
0.2569 |
0.198 |
0.1165 |
0.0253 |
0.0814 |
| A,10 |
0.2384 |
0.2603 |
0.283 |
0.3073 |
0.3337 |
0.2921 |
0.23 |
0.1583 |
0.1195 |
0.143 |
| Player's Expected Return by Doubling |
Player's Hand |
Dealer's Up Card |
| 2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
Ace |
| 4 |
-0.5856 |
-0.5045 |
-0.4221 |
-0.3344 |
-0.3074 |
-0.9508 |
-1.021 |
-1.0863 |
-1.0809 |
-1.3339 |
| 5 |
-0.5856 |
-0.5045 |
-0.4221 |
-0.3344 |
-0.3074 |
-0.9508 |
-1.021 |
-1.0863 |
-1.0809 |
-1.3339 |
| 6 |
-0.5641 |
-0.4837 |
-0.4021 |
-0.3156 |
-0.2819 |
-0.894 |
-1.0013 |
-1.0678 |
-1.0623 |
-1.3048 |
| 7 |
-0.4358 |
-0.3598 |
-0.2823 |
-0.2027 |
-0.1383 |
-0.5893 |
-0.8471 |
-0.9571 |
-0.9509 |
-1.1305 |
| 8 |
-0.2045 |
-0.1362 |
-0.0664 |
0.0035 |
0.087 |
-0.1877 |
-0.452 |
-0.7185 |
-0.7466 |
-0.8107 |
| 9 |
0.0611 |
0.1208 |
0.1819 |
0.2431 |
0.3171 |
0.1043 |
-0.0264 |
-0.301 |
-0.4667 |
-0.4329 |
| 10 |
0.3589 |
0.4093 |
0.4609 |
0.5125 |
0.5756 |
0.3924 |
0.2866 |
0.1443 |
-0.0087 |
-0.014 |
| 11 |
0.4706 |
0.5178 |
0.566 |
0.6147 |
0.6674 |
0.4629 |
0.3507 |
0.2278 |
0.1797 |
0.1091 |
| 12 |
-0.5068 |
-0.4674 |
-0.4271 |
-0.3865 |
-0.3411 |
-0.5067 |
-0.6157 |
-0.7375 |
-0.7968 |
-0.8293 |
| 13 |
-0.6156 |
-0.5824 |
-0.5484 |
-0.5147 |
-0.4713 |
-0.5874 |
-0.691 |
-0.8078 |
-0.8675 |
-0.8806 |
| 14 |
-0.7244 |
-0.6975 |
-0.6698 |
-0.6428 |
-0.6015 |
-0.6681 |
-0.7663 |
-0.8781 |
-0.9382 |
-0.9318 |
| 15 |
-0.8332 |
-0.8125 |
-0.7912 |
-0.7709 |
-0.7317 |
-0.7488 |
-0.8416 |
-0.9484 |
-1.0089 |
-0.9831 |
| 16 |
-0.942 |
-0.9275 |
-0.9126 |
-0.899 |
-0.8619 |
-0.8296 |
-0.9169 |
-1.0186 |
-1.0797 |
-1.0343 |
| 17 |
-1.0723 |
-1.0633 |
-1.054 |
-1.046 |
-1.0175 |
-0.967 |
-1.012 |
-1.1074 |
-1.1689 |
-1.1146 |
| 18 |
-1.2449 |
-1.24 |
-1.2349 |
-1.2305 |
-1.215 |
-1.1823 |
-1.1821 |
-1.2331 |
-1.2953 |
-1.253 |
| 19 |
-1.4582 |
-1.4561 |
-1.4539 |
-1.452 |
-1.4451 |
-1.4309 |
-1.4273 |
-1.4311 |
-1.4589 |
-1.4496 |
| 20 |
-1.7105 |
-1.71 |
-1.7094 |
-1.709 |
-1.7073 |
-1.7037 |
-1.703 |
-1.7017 |
-1.6981 |
-1.7043 |
| 21 |
-2 |
-2 |
-2 |
-2 |
-2 |
-2 |
-2 |
-2 |
-2 |
-2 |
| A,A |
-0.0716 |
-0.0072 |
0.0584 |
0.126 |
0.1797 |
-0.1839 |
-0.3144 |
-0.4564 |
-0.514 |
-0.6244 |
| A,2 |
-0.0716 |
-0.0072 |
0.0584 |
0.126 |
0.1797 |
-0.1839 |
-0.3144 |
-0.4564 |
-0.514 |
-0.6244 |
| A,3 |
-0.0716 |
-0.0072 |
0.0584 |
0.126 |
0.1797 |
-0.1839 |
-0.3144 |
-0.4564 |
-0.514 |
-0.6244 |
| A,4 |
-0.0716 |
-0.0072 |
0.0584 |
0.126 |
0.1797 |
-0.1839 |
-0.3144 |
-0.4564 |
-0.514 |
-0.6244 |
| A,5 |
-0.0716 |
-0.0072 |
0.0584 |
0.126 |
0.1797 |
-0.1839 |
-0.3144 |
-0.4564 |
-0.514 |
-0.6244 |
| A,6 |
-0.007 |
0.0551 |
0.1187 |
0.1824 |
0.2561 |
-0.0138 |
-0.2551 |
-0.401 |
-0.4583 |
-0.5372 |
| A,7 |
0.1197 |
0.1776 |
0.237 |
0.2952 |
0.3815 |
0.2199 |
-0.0299 |
-0.2902 |
-0.3469 |
-0.3628 |
| A,8 |
0.2419 |
0.2958 |
0.3512 |
0.406 |
0.4796 |
0.3198 |
0.1953 |
-0.0729 |
-0.2355 |
-0.1884 |
| A,9 |
0.3589 |
0.4093 |
0.4609 |
0.5125 |
0.5756 |
0.3924 |
0.2866 |
0.1443 |
-0.0087 |
-0.014 |
| A,10 |
0.4706 |
0.5178 |
0.566 |
0.6147 |
0.6674 |
0.4629 |
0.3507 |
0.2278 |
0.1797 |
0.1091 |
| Player's Expected Return by Splitting |
Player's Hand |
Dealer's Up Card |
| 2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
Ace |
| 2,2 |
-0.0843 |
-0.0156 |
0.0591 |
0.1517 |
0.2269 |
0.0067 |
-0.1767 |
-0.3869 |
-0.5072 |
-0.4336 |
| 3,3 |
-0.1377 |
-0.0563 |
0.0299 |
0.1263 |
0.2013 |
-0.053 |
-0.2318 |
-0.4366 |
-0.5535 |
-0.4824 |
| 4,4 |
-0.1923 |
-0.1087 |
-0.0204 |
0.0819 |
0.1514 |
-0.1665 |
-0.3261 |
-0.5112 |
-0.625 |
-0.5602 |
| 5,5 |
-0.2902 |
-0.2087 |
-0.1193 |
-0.0192 |
0.0454 |
-0.2939 |
-0.4542 |
-0.6341 |
-0.73 |
-0.6688 |
| 6,6 |
-0.2126 |
-0.1197 |
-0.0213 |
0.0809 |
0.1537 |
-0.2644 |
-0.4251 |
-0.6106 |
-0.7161 |
-0.6534 |
| 7,7 |
-0.1315 |
-0.0437 |
0.0493 |
0.1467 |
0.2474 |
-0.0501 |
-0.392 |
-0.5776 |
-0.6573 |
-0.6516 |
| 8,8 |
0.0739 |
0.1462 |
0.2208 |
0.2975 |
0.4093 |
0.321 |
-0.0227 |
-0.3872 |
-0.4807 |
-0.3725 |
| 9,9 |
0.1956 |
0.2585 |
0.3235 |
0.392 |
0.4713 |
0.3648 |
0.2344 |
-0.078 |
-0.3173 |
-0.1368 |
| 10,10 |
0.1348 |
0.2128 |
0.2934 |
0.3804 |
0.4681 |
0.2966 |
0.0644 |
-0.2067 |
-0.3713 |
-0.2495 |
| A,A |
0.4706 |
0.5178 |
0.566 |
0.6147 |
0.6674 |
0.4629 |
0.3507 |
0.2278 |
0.1797 |
0.1091 |
For composition dependent returns please see blackjack appendix 9.
Go back to blackjack.
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